The role of priming theory in the media effects research paradigm
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-1272.2025.86.5Keywords:
priming theory, cognitive priming, affective priming, news, influence, media content, media effects, hidden media effects, influence functionsAbstract
This article offers a comprehensive conceptual view of media priming as a central mental mechanism within the broader framework of media effects research. The main aim of the study is to explore how priming theory contributes to understanding the cognitive and emotional processes by which media content shapes public opinion, evaluative judgments, and behavioral responses. Methodologically, the study uses a conceptual analysis and theoretical synthesis approach. Drawing on a large body of research in communication science, political psychology, and cognitive science, the article analyzes the mechanisms, dimensions, and applications of cognitive and affective priming. The findings emphasize that media influence often occurs through the subtle activation of preexisting mental associations rather than through overt belief. Cognitive priming processes operate by increasing the availability of specific thoughts or evaluation criteria in memory, whereas affective priming activates emotionally congruent ideas and interpretive frames. The article emphasizes that priming theory is important not only for understanding short-term media effects, but also for tracking the long-term dynamics of media influence. It also highlights the importance of integrating priming theory into future studies of media effects.
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